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Low self-esteem has a negative influence on psychological symptoms like depression and anxiety and can cause patients to relapse after treatment. Research indicates that low self-esteem can even be a causal factor in developing psychiatric disorders like depression and anxiety. For this reason treatment should be focused more on changing low self-esteem instead of only treating the DSM-IV disorder. Cognitive interventions that focus on learning patients to formulate more positive and realistic thoughts, seem to be effective.

Griffioen, B.T., van der Vegt, A.A., de Groot, I.W. and de Jongh, A.
Frontiers in Psychology, 2017
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01910