Rationale: Depression has important consequences, for patients’ wellbeing as well as economically. Treatment has been found effective. Not only medication, but also different kinds of psychotherapy have been studied and found to work to a certain extent, to relieve depressive symptoms. Short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (STSP) has been studied less, but is also promising. In order for STSP to be considered as a first-choice treatment for depression according to the Dutch Guidelines for treatment of depression, one more, well-conducted RCT is needed.